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Sixth major release of OS X

Mac OS X 10.5 Leopard
A version of the macOS operating system
OSXLeopard.svg
Leopard Desktop.png

Screenshot of Mac OS 10 Leopard. Annotation how the Dock and window designs are unlike from previous versions of Mac OS X.

Developer Apple Inc.
OS family
Source model Closed, with open source components
Released to
manufacturing
October 26, 2007; fourteen years ago  (2007-x-26) [2]
Latest release 10.5.8 (Build 9L31a) [3] / August 13, 2009; 12 years ago  (2009-08-xiii) [4]
Update method Apple tree Software Update
Platforms IA-32, x86-64, PowerPC
Kernel type Hybrid (XNU)
License Commercial proprietary software [5] with Apple tree Public Source License (APSL)
Preceded past Mac Os 10 10.4 Tiger
Succeeded past Mac OS X 10.6 Snow Leopard
Official website Apple - Mac OS 10 Leopard at the Wayback Machine (archived May 28, 2009)
Support status
Unsupported as of about June 23, 2011, Safari back up and iTunes support terminated as of 2012 every bit well. [6] [7]

Mac OS X Leopard (version ten.5) is the sixth major release of macOS, Apple'southward desktop and server operating organisation for Macintosh computers. Leopard was released on Oct 26, 2007 as the successor of Mac OS 10 10.4 Tiger, and is available in two editions: a desktop version suitable for personal computers, and a server version, Mac OS 10 Server. It retailed for $129 [2] for the desktop version and $499 for Server. [8] Leopard was superseded by Snow Leopard (version 10.six) in 2009. Leopard is the final version of macOS to support the PowerPC architecture as Snowfall Leopard functions solely on Intel based Macs.

According to Apple, Leopard contains over 300 changes and enhancements compared to its predecessor, Mac Bone X Tiger, [9] covering core operating organization components as well as included applications and developer tools. Leopard introduces a significantly revised desktop, with a redesigned Dock, Stacks, a semitransparent carte du jour bar, and an updated Finder that incorporates the Cover Menstruation visual navigation interface first seen in iTunes. Other notable features include support for writing 64-bit graphical user interface applications, an automated backup utility called Fourth dimension Machine, support for Spotlight searches across multiple machines, and the inclusion of Front end Row and Photo Booth, which were previously included with only some Mac models.

Apple missed Leopard's release time frame as originally announced by Apple'due south CEO Steve Jobs. When first discussed in June 2005, Jobs had stated that Apple intended to release Leopard at the end of 2006 or early 2007. [x] A year after, this was amended to Jump 2007; [eleven] even so, on April 12, 2007, Apple issued a argument that its release would be delayed until October 2007 because of the evolution of the iPhone. [12]

New and changed features [ edit ]

End-user features [ edit ]

Apple advertised that Mac OS Ten Leopard has 300+ new features, [9] including:

  • A new and improved Automator , with easy starting points to easily start a workflow. It besides can chop-chop create or edit workflows with new interface improvements. At present it tin use a new action chosen "Watch Me Do" that lets you lot tape a user activeness (like pressing a push button or controlling an application without congenital-in Automator support) and replay equally an action in a workflow. It can create more useful Automator workflows with actions for RSS feeds, iSight camera video snapshots, PDF manipulation, and much more than.
  • Dorsum to My Mac , a characteristic for MobileMe users that allows users to access files on their domicile computer while away from home via the cyberspace.
  • Kick Camp , a software assistant allowing for the installation of other operating systems, such equally Windows XP (SP2 or later) or Windows Vista, on a separate partition (or separate internal drive) on Intel-based Macs.
  • Dashboard enhancements, including Web Clip, a feature that allows users to turn a part of any Web page displayed in Safari into a live Dashboard widget, and Dashcode to help developers code widgets. [thirteen]
  • New Desktop, comprises a redesigned 3-D dock with a new grouping characteristic called Stacks , which displays files in either a "fan" style, "filigree" style, or (since 10.5.ii) a "list" mode. Rory Prior, on the ThinkMac blog, criticized the shelf-similar Dock along with a number of other changes to the user interface. [14]
  • Lexicon tin can now search Wikipedia, and a dictionary of Apple tree terminology equally well. Also included is the Japanese-linguistic communication lexicon Daijisen, Progressive E-J and Progressive J-E dictionaries, and the 25,000-word thesaurus Tsukaikata no Wakaru Ruigo Reikai Jiten ( 使い方の分かる類語例解辞典 ), all of which are provided by the Japanese publisher Shogakukan. [15] [9]
  • A redesigned Finder , with features similar to those seen in iTunes 7, including Cover Flow and a Source list-like sidebar.
  • Front Row has been reworked to closely resemble the interface of the original Apple tree TV.
  • iCal calendar sharing and group scheduling as well every bit syncing event invitations from Post. [16] The icon as well reflects the electric current date fifty-fifty when the application is not running. In previous versions of Mac Bone X, the icon would show July 17 in the icon any time the application was not running but the current engagement when the application was running.
  • iChat enhancements, including multiple logins, invisibility, animated icons, and tabbed chats, similar to features present in Pidgin, Adium and the iChat plugin Chax; iChat Theater, allowing users to incorporate images from iPhoto, presentations from Keynote, videos from QuickTime, and other Quick Wait features into video chats; and Backdrops, which are similar to chroma keys, but use a real-time departure matte technique which does not require a green or blue screen. iChat as well implements screen sharing, a feature previously available with Apple Remote Desktop. [eleven] [17] [eighteen]
  • Postal service enhancements including the additions of RSS feeds, Stationery, Notes, and to-dos. To-dos use a system-wide service that is available to all applications. [19]
  • Network file sharing improvements include more than granular command over permissions, consolidation of AFP, FTP and SMB sharing into 1 control panel, and the ability to share individual folders, a feature that had non been bachelor since Mac Bone 9. [twenty]
  • Parental controls now include the power to place restrictions on use of the Internet and to set up parental controls from anywhere using remote setup. [21]
  • Photo Booth enhancements, including video recording with real-time filters and blueish/greenish-screen engineering science.
  • Podcast Capture , an application allowing users to record and distribute podcasts. It requires access to a figurer running Mac OS X Server with Podcast Producer.
  • Preview adds support for annotation, graphics, extraction, search, markup, Instant Alpha and size adjustment tools. [22]
  • Quick Look , a framework allowing documents to be viewed without opening them in an external awarding and can preview it in full screen. [23] Plug-ins are bachelor for Quick Look so that you lot can also view other files, such as Installer Packages.
  • Safari 3, which includes Spider web Clip.
  • Spaces , an implementation of virtual desktops (individually called "Spaces"), allows multiple desktops per user, with sure applications and windows in each desktop. [24] Users can organize certain Spaces for certain applications (due east.g., one for work-related tasks and ane for entertainment) and switch between them. Exposé works inside Spaces, allowing the user to see at a glance all desktops on one screen. [25] ) Users can create and control up to xvi spaces, and applications can be switched between each one, creating a very large workspace. The auto-switching feature in Spaces has annoyed some of its users. Apple tree added a new preference in x.5.2 which disabled this feature, merely at that place were still bugs found while switching windows. In 10.5.3, this problem was addressed and was no longer an event. [26]
  • Spotlight incorporates additional search capabilities such every bit Boolean operators, equally well every bit the power to search other computers (with advisable permissions). [27]
  • Time Machine , an automatic backup utility which allows the user to restore files that have been deleted or replaced by another version of a file. [28] Though generally lauded in the press as a pace forward for information recovery, Fourth dimension Machine has been criticized in multiple publications for lacking the capabilities of third-party backup software. Analyzing the feature for TidBITS, Joe Kissell pointed out that Fourth dimension Auto does non create bootable copies of backed-upward volumes, does not back up to AirPort Disk hard drives and will not dorsum upwards FileVault encrypted dwelling house directories until the user logs out, final that the characteristic is "pretty good at what it does" only he will only use it every bit part of a "broader backup strategy". [29] [30] [31] One of these issues has been resolved, however; On March xix, 2008, updates were released for Aerodrome and Time Machine, allowing for Time Machine to use a USB hard disk drive which has been connected to an Aerodrome Farthermost Base Station. [32]
  • Universal Access enhancements: meaning improvements to applications including VoiceOver, along with increased support for Braille, closed captioning and a new high‐quality Speech synthesis voice. [33]
  • Many changes to the user interface , such as a transparent menu bar, new icons, and a 3D Dock. As well equally this, the Apple icon is now blackness instead of blue. R.L. Prior, on the ThinkMac weblog, criticized a number of changes to Leopard's user interface, including the transparent menu bar and the new folder icons. [fourteen] Decreased transparency of the menu bar, along with the ability to disable the card bar transparency were added with the 10.5.ii release on Feb 11, 2008. [34]
  • Russian language back up, bringing the total to 18 languages. [35]
  • Leopard removes back up for Classic applications. [36]
  • Introduced the Alex voice to VoiceOver .

Developer technologies [ edit ]

  • Native back up by many libraries and frameworks for 64-chip applications, allowing 64-bit Cocoa applications. Existing 32-bit applications using those libraries and frameworks should continue to run without the need for emulation or translation. [37]
  • Leopard offers the Objective-C 2.0 runtime, which includes new features such as garbage collection. Xcode 3.0 supports the updated language and was itself rewritten with it. [38]
  • A new framework, Core Blitheness, allows a developer to create circuitous animations while specifying but a "start" and a "goal" space. The main goal of Cadre Animation is to enable the cosmos of complex animations with modest amounts of program code.
  • Apple integrates DTrace from the OpenSolaris projection and adds a graphical interface chosen Instruments (previously Xray). DTrace provides tools that users, administrators and developers can utilize to tune the functioning of the operating system and the applications that run on it. [39]
  • The new Scripting Span allows programmers to use Python 2.5 and Ruby ane.viii.six to interface with the Cocoa frameworks. [twoscore]
  • Ruby-red on Runway is included in the default install.
  • Leopard's OpenGL stack has been updated to version ii.i, and uses LLVM to increase its vertex processing speed. [41] Apple has been working to get LLVM integrated into GCC; [42] LLVM'southward use inside other operating organization facilities has non been announced.
  • The Graphics and Media State of the Spousal relationship address confirmed many other features are possible because of Core Blitheness, such as live desktops, improvements to Quartz Composer with custom patches, a new PDF Kit for developers, and improvements to QuickTime APIs.
  • The FSEvents framework allows applications to register for notifications of changes to a given directory tree. [43]
  • Leopard includes a read-only implementation of the ZFS file organisation.
In mid-December 2006, a pre-release version of Leopard appeared to include support for Sun's ZFS. [44] Jonathan Schwartz, CEO and President of Lord's day Microsystems, boasted on June 6, 2007, that ZFS had get "the file organization" for Leopard. [45] Even so, the senior project marketing director for Mac OS Ten stated on June xi, 2007, that the existing HFS+, not ZFS, would be used in Leopard. Apple tree subsequently clarified that a read-only version of ZFS would be included. [46]
  • Leopard includes drivers for UDF 2.v, necessary for reading HD DVD and Blu-ray discs using third-party drives, but the included DVD Role player software can only play Hd DVDs authored by DVD Studio Pro. [47]
  • Leopard includes a framework implementing latent semantic mapping for classifying (e.g. textual) data.
  • Leopard is the first operating system with open source BSD code to be certified as fully UNIX-compliant. [48] [49] Certification means that software following the Single UNIX Specification can exist compiled and run on Leopard without the need for any code modification. [forty] The certification but applies to Leopard when run on Intel processors. [49]
  • Leopard includes J2SE 5.0. [l]

Security enhancements [ edit ]

New security features intend to provide better internal resiliency to successful attacks, in addition to preventing attacks from being successful in the first place.

Library Randomization
Leopard implements library randomization, [9] which randomizes the locations of some libraries in retentivity. Vulnerabilities that decadent program memory ofttimes rely on known addresses for these library routines, which let injected code to launch processes or change files. Library randomization is presumably a stepping-stone to a more complete implementation of accost space layout randomization at a subsequently appointment.
Application Layer Firewall
Leopard ships with two firewall engines: the original BSD IPFW, which was present in earlier releases of Mac Os 10, and the new Leopard Application Layer Firewall. Unlike IPFW, which intercepts and filters IP datagrams earlier the kernel performs significant processing, the Application Layer Firewall operates at the socket layer, leap to individual processes. The Application Layer Firewall tin therefore make filtering decisions on a per-awarding ground. Of the two firewall engines, only the Application Layer Firewall is fully exposed in the Leopard user interface. The new firewall offers less control over individual packet decisions (users tin can decide to permit or deny connections organization-wide or to individual applications, just must use IPFW to gear up fine-grained TCP/IP header-level policies). It also makes several policy exceptions for arrangement processes: neither mDNSResponder nor programs running with superuser privileges are filtered. [51]
Sandboxes
Leopard includes kernel-level back up for role-based access control (RBAC). RBAC is intended to forestall, for instance, an awarding like Mail from editing the countersign database.
Application Signing
Leopard provides a framework to use public cardinal signatures for lawmaking signing to verify, in some circumstances, that code has not been tampered with. Signatures can also be used to ensure that i program replacing another is truly an "update", and carry any special security privileges beyond to the new version. This reduces the number of user security prompts, and the likelihood of the user being trained to simply clicking "OK" to everything.
Secure Guest Account
Guests can be given admission to a Leopard system with an business relationship that the organization erases and resets at logout. [52]

Security features in Leopard have been criticized every bit weak or ineffective, with the publisher Heise Security documenting that the Leopard installer downgraded firewall protection and exposed services to attack even when the firewall was re-enabled. [53] [54] Several researchers noted that the Library Randomization feature added to Leopard was ineffective compared to mature implementations on other platforms, and that the new "secure Invitee account" could be abused by Guests to retain admission to the system even after the Leopard log out process erased their home directory. [55] [56]

System requirements [ edit ]

Apple states the following basic Leopard organisation requirements, although, for some specific applications and features (such as iChat backdrops) an Intel processor is required: [57]

  • Processor: any Intel processor, or PowerPC G5 or G4 (867 MHz and faster) processor
  • Optical drive: internal or external DVD drive (for installation of the operating organization)
  • Memory: minimum 512 MB of RAM (additional RAM (i GB) is recommended for development purposes)
  • Hard drive capacity: Minimum 9 GB of deejay space available.

Leopard's retail version was not released in dissever versions for each type of processor, but instead consisted of one universal release that could run on both PowerPC and Intel processors. [37] However, the install discs that ship with Intel-based Macs but comprise Intel binaries.[ citation needed ]

Processor blazon and speed are checked during installation and installation halted if bereft; however, Leopard will run on slower G4 processor machines (east.chiliad., a 733 MHz Quicksilver) if the installation is performed on a supported Mac and its hard drive and so moved to a slower/unsupported one (the drive may either be an internal mechanism or a Firewire external).[ citation needed ]

Supported machines [ edit ]

Leopard can run on the later flat-panel iMac G4s, the iMac G5, iMac Intel Core Duo and iMac Intel Cadre 2 Duo, PowerBook G4, Power Mac G4, Ability Mac G5, iBook G4, MacBook, MacBook Pro, MacBook Air, Mac Pro, Mac Mini, Xserve, Xserve G5, Xserve RAID, Macintosh Server G4, and later eMac models. Leopard tin can run on older hardware equally long as they have a G4 upgrade installed running at the 867 MHz or faster, take at least nine GB free of hard drive infinite, 512 MB RAM and have a DVD drive. Leopard however will not run on the 900 MHz iBook G3 models fifty-fifty though they exceed the minimum 867 MHz requirement. This is due to the lack of AltiVec support in the G3 line of processors. Leopard tin be "hacked" (see below) to install on these G3 and pre-867 MHz G4 machines but the system may behave erratically and many of the programs, features, and functions may not work properly or at all. As of mid-2010, some Apple computers take firmware factory installed which will no longer allow installation of Mac OS X Leopard. These computers just let installation of Mac Bone X Snow Leopard.[ commendation needed ] However, some computers (such every bit the 2011 model of the Mac mini) can take Leopard installed on them without hacking.[ commendation needed ]

Usage on unsupported hardware [ edit ]

Some ways of running Leopard on certain unsupported hardware, primarily PowerPC G4 computers with CPU speeds lower than the official requirement of 867 MHz, have been discovered. A mutual mode is use of the program LeopardAssist, which is a bootloader like in some respects to XPostFacto (used for installing earlier releases of Mac OS Ten on unsupported G3 and pre-G3 Macs) that uses the Mac's Open Firmware to tell Leopard that the machine does have a CPU coming together the 867 MHz minimum requirement that the Installer checks for earlier installation is allowed to commence, when in reality the CPU is slower. [58] Currently, LeopardAssist simply runs on slower G4s and many people have installed Leopard successfully on these older machines.

Users who have admission to supported hardware accept installed Leopard on the supported auto so simply moved the difficult drive to the unsupported automobile. Alternatively, the Leopard Installation DVD was booted on a supported Mac, then installed on an unsupported Mac via Firewire Target Disk Fashion. Leopard is only compiled for AltiVec-enabled PowerPC processors (G4 and G5) though, as well as Intel, so both of these methods volition but work on Macs with G4 or later CPUs. While some of the earlier beta releases were made to run on some afterward G3 machines (by and large later 800–900 MHz iBooks), no success with the retail version has been officially reported on G3 Macs except for some later iMacs and "Pismo" PowerBook G3s with G4 processor upgrades installed.

For a number of months after Leopard'due south release it appeared that the but G3 Macs on which Leopard could be run were those with both an aftermarket G4 processor and an AGP graphics card, as failures with the OS partially booting before crashing were reported on older Macs such as the original tray-loading iMacs and the Beige and Blue & White Power Mac G3 (all with G4 upgrades as Leopard will not even begin to load without one) whereas it would boot fine on newer Macs where the Installer restriction had been circumvented. Still, more recently information technology has been reported [59] [60] that with some more work and use of kernel extensions from XPostFacto, Tiger and beta builds of Leopard, the Os can exist made to run on G4-upgraded Macs as old as the Ability Macintosh 9500, despite the lack of AGP-based graphics. While Leopard can be run on any Mac with a G4 or later processor, some functionality such every bit Front Row or Time Motorcar fails to work without a Quartz Extreme-capable graphics card, which many of the earlier G4s did not include in their factory specification.

Since Apple moved to using Intel processors in their computers, the OSx86 customs has developed and at present also allows Mac OS X Tiger and later releases to be installed and run successfully on not-Apple x86-based computers, albeit in violation of Apple tree's licensing agreement for Mac Os X.

Packaging [ edit ]

The retail packaging for Leopard is significantly smaller than that of previous versions of Mac Os X (although later copies of Tiger also came in the new smaller box). It as well includes a lenticular cover, making the X appear to float above a imperial galaxy, somewhat resembling the default Leopard desktop wallpaper. [61]

Release history [ edit ]

Version Build Appointment Bone proper noun Notes Download
10.five 9A581 Oct 26, 2007 Darwin 9.0
xnu-1228~1
Original retail DVD release N/A
10.v.i 9B18 November 15, 2007 Darwin 9.1
xnu-1228.0.two~1
Most the Mac OS Ten 10.v.1 Update; Second retail DVD release Mac OS X ten.5.ane Update
9B2117 Dec 14, 2007 Darwin ix.i.1 Forked build for Early 2008 Mac Pro and Xserve
10.5.2 9C31 February 11, 2008 Darwin 9.two
xnu-1228.3.13~one
Most the Mac OS X 10.v.2 Update Mac Os 10 10.5.two Combo Update
9C7010 Darwin nine.2
x.five.iii 9D34 May 28, 2008 Darwin 9.iii
xnu-1228.five.xviii~1
Nigh the Mac OS X x.5.three Update Mac OS Ten ten.5.3 Update

Mac Os X 10.5.3 Combo Update

10.v.4 9E17 June 30, 2008 Darwin 9.4
xnu-1228.5.20~one
Nearly the Mac OS Ten 10.5.four update; Third retail DVD release Mac Os Ten ten.5.iv Update

Mac Bone Ten ten.five.4 Philharmonic Update

x.5.v 9F33 September 15, 2008 Darwin nine.5
1228.7.58~1
Most the Mac OS X 10.5.5 Update Mac Os X ten.v.5 Update

Mac Bone X 10.v.5 Combo Update

10.v.6 9G55 December 15, 2008 Darwin 9.half-dozen Near the Mac OS X 10.v.half dozen Update Mac Os X 10.5.6 Update

Mac Os X x.5.6 Combo Update

9G66 January 6, 2009 Quaternary retail DVD release (part of Mac Box Gear up) Northward/A
9G71 Northward/A Darwin 9.6
xnu-1228.ix.59~1
N/A
10.5.7 9J61 May 12, 2009 Darwin 9.7
xnu-1228.12.14~1
About the Mac OS X 10.v.7 Update Mac Os X 10.5.7 Update

Mac Os Ten 10.v.7 Combo Update

10.5.eight 9L30 August 5, 2009 Darwin 9.viii About the Mac OS 10 10.5.8 Update Mac Os X 10.5.viii Update

Mac OS 10 10.5.8 Combo Update

9L34 August 31, 2009 Darwin ix.8
xnu-1228.xv.4~1
Mac Bone X Server 10.v.viii Update five.i.one North/A

Compatibility [ edit ]

Later on Leopard'south release, there were widely reported incidents of new Leopard installs hanging during boot on the blue screen that appears simply before the login process starts. [62] Apple attributed these problems to an outdated version of an unsupported addition extension called Awarding Enhancer (APE), from Unsanity which had been incompatible with Leopard. Some users were unaware that APE had been silently installed during installation of Logitech mouse drivers. Nevertheless, only the users who did not have the latest version of APE installed (two.0.3 at that time) were affected. [63] Apple tree published a knowledge base article on how to solve this problem. [64]

Google announced that the Chrome browser volition exist dropping support for Leopard starting with Chrome 21. By that time Chrome will no longer auto-update, and new Chrome installations are not immune. Their rationale for removal of support is that Leopard is an "Bone Ten version besides no longer being updated past Apple." [65]

Firefox also dropped support for Leopard later on it shipped Firefox xvi in Oct 2012. [66] TenFourFox is a port of Firefox for the PPC architecture, released after Firefox dropped support for Leopard.

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